Artificial Intelligence and the Ethics of Decision-Making

 Artificial Intelligence and the Ethics of Decision-Making

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transitioned from a speculative concept to a transformative force shaping nearly every sector of society. From autonomous vehicles to predictive algorithms in healthcare, AI systems are increasingly entrusted with making decisions that once required human judgment. However, as machines assume greater responsibility, questions arise about accountability, fairness, and ethical oversight.

One major ethical dilemma concerns algorithmic bias. AI systems learn from vast datasets that often reflect existing social inequalities. Consequently, when an algorithm predicts crime likelihood or determines loan eligibility, it may inadvertently perpetuate discrimination. Scholars argue that such outcomes are not simply technical errors but reflections of human biases embedded in data.

Another contentious issue is autonomous moral reasoning. Can an AI truly “understand” the ethical implications of its actions, or does it merely simulate morality through programmed responses? Philosophers like Nick Bostrom warn that delegating moral choices to non-sentient systems could undermine human agency. Conversely, optimists believe that ethical AI frameworks—guided by transparency, accountability, and inclusiveness—can enhance fairness and consistency in decision-making.

Ultimately, the ethics of AI is not solely about machines but about the humans who design, train, and deploy them. The challenge is not whether AI can make decisions, but whether society can ensure that those decisions align with human values.

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📘 Comprehension Questions (English → English)

1. Main Idea:

What is the central argument presented in the passage regarding AI and ethics?

2. Critical Thinking:

Why is algorithmic bias considered more than a technical flaw? What does it reveal about human society?

3. Inference:

What can be inferred about the author’s stance on AI’s moral reasoning abilities?

4. Vocabulary in Context:

What does the phrase “delegating moral choices to non-sentient systems” imply about human responsibility?

5. Application:

In what ways could “ethical AI frameworks” improve the fairness of automated decisions?

6. Discussion:

Do you agree that AI ethics is primarily about h

umans, not machines? Why or why not?